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                            Ecology 

  Packaging of DNA Helix.                       The distance between two consecutive base  pair: “340m (0.34x10° m), if the length of DNA helix in a typical mammalian cell is calculated (simply by  multiplying the total number of  bp with distance ; between two consecutive bp, that is, 6.6 x 10°9 bp x 0.34  * 10power 9 m/bp),  it comes out to be approximately 2.2 meter.                          A length that is far greater than   the “mension of typical nucleus  (approximately 10% a How is such a long   polymer packaged in a cell? If the length of E. coli DNA is 1.36 mm, can you calculate the number of base pairs in E.coli? In prokaryotes, such as, E. coli, though they do not have throughout the cell. DNA (being negatively charged) wy is held with some proteins (that have positive . charges) in a region termed...

  The first reported surgical removal of a cataract from the eye occurred in Paris in 1748. The advent of topical anesthesia made this procedure more practical. The early techniques involved removing the entire opaque lens in one piece using an incision that went halfway around the circumference of the cornea. During cataract surgery, a patient's cloudy natural cataract lens is removed, either by  emulsification  in place or by cutting it out. An artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is implanted in its place. Cataract surgery is generally performed by an  ophthalmologist  in an  ambulatory  setting at a surgical center or hospital rather than an inpatient setting. Either topical, sub-tenon,  peribulbar , or  retrobulbar   local anesthesia  is used, usually causing little or no discomfort to the patient.

हृदय  या  हिया  या  दिल  एक  पेशीय  ( muscular )  अंग  है, जो सभी  कशेरुकी  ( vertebrate ) जीवों में आवृत ताल बद्ध संकुचन के द्वारा  रक्त  का प्रवाह  शरीर  के सभी भागो तक पहुचाता है।  ह्रदय के दायें भाग का कार्य (देखें  दायां ह्रदय  ( right heart )) है शरीर से (पृष्ठीय और अधर महा शिरा के द्वारा) आये हुए ऑक्सीजन विहीन रक्त को  दायें आलिंद  ( right atrium ) में एकत्रित करना और इसे  दायें निलय  ( right ventricle ) से होकर फेफडों में पम्प करना ( फुफ्फुसीय परिसंचरण  ( pulmonary circulation )) ताकि कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड को मुक्त करके ऑक्सीजन (गैस मुद्रा) को एकत्रित किया जा सके ( गैस विनिमय  ( gas exchange ))। यह  प्रसरण  ( diffusion ) की निष्क्रिय प्रक्रिया के द्वारा होता है। बायाँ भाग (देखें  बायाँ ह्रदय  ( left heart )) फुफ्फुस  ( lung ) से ऑक्सीजन युक्त रक्त को  बाएं आलिंद  ( left atrium ) में एकत्रित करता है। बाएं आलिंद से रक्त  बाएं न...

Teachers, Union Education Minister Shri @DrRPNishank will be going #live on 17th Dec | 4 PM to discuss upcoming board exams. Venue: His Twitter/FB Pages (Username: @DrRPNishank ) Feel free to share your queries/concerns with him using #EducationMinisterGoesLive .